Certification costs for verifying quantum systems increase unboundedly when restricting how measurement questions are used during validation. While conventional methods succeed with just two levels of ...

Machine learning is the ability of a machine to improve its performance based on previous results. Machine learning methods enable computers to learn without being explicitly programmed and have ...

Fluorescent semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) hold considerable promise for photonics. Furthermore, their optical characteristics can be improved by functionalization, which ...